We're a month into the new year, and if one of your goals for 2024 was to become your own boss, have we got the series for you. Going out on your own self employment can be a tough decision to make and an even tougher transition to go through. But we are here to help by getting you answers to some of the most common questions about self employment.

You have to figure out the why, right? It's why am I, one, going to start this business? Two, now it's going to take my time, time away from other things, time away from other goals, time away potentially from my family. And so the why definitely has to be great for you to start the business and also to see it follow through.

Welcome to Nerdwallet's Smart Money podcast. I'm Sean Pyle.

And I'm Elizabeth Ayola.

This episode kicks off our nerdy deep dive into self employed finances. If you are a contractor, freelancer, gig worker, or very small business person, you know that figuring out everything from taxes to retirement can be headspinning. There's no HR department doing it all.

For you, or finance department for that matter.

Exactly. If you're a company of one or maybe two, you're doing it all on your own, maybe with the help of an accountant or attorney. But it's mostly just you, and the rules and laws are complex. So in this four part series, we're going to answer some of the most important questions for those who are self employed or want to be. How do you figure out what type of business entity to set up? What kinds of retirement options are available to you? What are the tax rules? Our goal is to help you become the most successful boss you can be of yourself. So, Elizabeth, tell us a bit about why you wanted to do this series.

Well, because I think some of us dive into self employment without enough knowledge about the financial implications. And yes, it's me. I'm talking about me. I am some of us, I am self employed in addition to working full time at Nerd Wallet, of course, and I have been for some years now. And along the way, I've made plenty of financial mistakes because of what I didn't know. And as you said earlier, Sean, budgeting, saving for retirement, and paying taxes can look very different for someone who is working for themselves. The less you know, the worse off your finances can be sometimes. So I'm hoping this series helps people to make the most of their self employed income.

Well, for those who've decided to either start down this path or who are already on it, you've got quite a bit of company. There are 15 million self employed people here in the US. That's about 10% of the workforce. Today we're going to be talking about the segment that you could call 1099 workers, people who work on their own for wages paid by another person or company. That could be a gig worker, freelancer, contractor, a solo entrepreneur, someone who makes a living selling wares on Etsy. All of those and more.

Yeah, we're not going to get into the weeds of starting a small business with employees and a payroll today because that can get really muddy. And that's a whole other conversation. But plenty of us either are or want to be working on our own with clients. And if that's you, then this four part series is definitely for you.

All right, well, we want to hear what you think, too, listeners, to share your ideas and questions around self employment with us. Leave us a voicemail or text the Nerd hotline at 917-30-6373 that's 91730 nerd. Or email a voice memo to podcast@nerdwallet.com. So, Elizabeth, where do we start today?

Well, we're going to start by chatting with Riyanka Dorsenville, who is a certified financial planner and also happens to be self employed. She is the co founder and the co CEO at 2050 Wealth Partners. What they do is they work with entrepreneurs and particularly first generation wealth builders, which are people who are the first in their family to have and build wealth. Riyanka is going to answer some of our questions about how to budget when you're self employed, whether you need to separate your personal and business finances, and so much more.

All right, stay with us. We are back in a moment with episode one of our series on self employment.

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Rihanna welcome to Smart money.

Thank you, Elizabeth, for having me. I'm so excited to be joining you today.

Tell our listeners a little bit about your background and why you went into business for yourself.

I am a certified financial planner, and I have been a financial planner for almost 15 years, which sounds so wild to say that very quickly, I stumbled upon personal finance. When I was in college. I actually first went for math, engineering, and trying to figure out what it is that I wanted to do. But I knew I loved helping people stumble upon a personal finance one on one class, and literally the rest was history. I was like, I need more of this. During that time, I learned about 401, disability insurance, student loans. I saw right then and there that I could make a tangible impact right away in my friend's life. Right? So fast forward. I graduate from college in the traditional wealth management space. And because I was starting off in my career and also known as a financial planner amongst my peers, a lot of people wanted to start working with me. And unfortunately, the firm I worked for, you had to have a million dollars of investable assets in order to work with me. And I'm like, listen, I'm 24 years old. Unless you have an inheritance, what 25 year old, you know, has a million dollars?

I don't know anyone.

Okay? But listen, these 25 year olds were yearning for the education and to get their money, right? So I'm like, who am I to say I need to hold hostage this information that I have only to people who already have amassed a million dollars? So after five, six years working for a firm, I decided to leave and launch my own. So that's just the short end of it. I know that's not the topic of conversation for today.

I appreciate that. And you sharing your story, that is so inspiring. So, on that note, my next question for you is, how can people decide whether entrepreneurship is for them? And when I say entrepreneurship, I'm talking about gig work, contracting, freelancing, or even starting a small business. So what are some things that people should consider before they dive into that?

Well, we are definitely in the gig economy right now. Everyone has a side hustle even my clients who have jobs that are paying them well, they are not necessarily living paycheck to paycheck. They are starting these quote unquote, side hustles or these passion projects, because that's what it is. It's a passion. And who am I to say, or who is anyone to say that you shouldn't pursue your passion and also get paid for it? So I'm thinking about this in two different ways, Elizabeth. I'm thinking about this as a side hustle and then I'm thinking about this as a 100% you are transitioning from employee to entrepreneur. So if this is your side hustle, there's no risk associated with that. So I am all about multiple streams of income. Now, what you do with this money is very important, right? Because you have to figure out the why am I, one, going to start this business? Two, now it's going to take my time, time away from other things, time away from other goals, time away potentially from my family. And so the why definitely has to be great for you to start the business and also to see it follow through.

And then if we can, I want to lean into those who are transitioning from employee to entrepreneur 100%. For me, the reason why I ultimately decided to transition from a very well paying job, I was earning a w two, I had a retirement account, I had health benefits, I had everything. You want to know why? My mental health. And so prior to me taking the leap, and this is guidance, not necessarily advice, but guidance for those who are thinking about transitioning from employee to entrepreneur is you have to have a budget. This is something that I share even with those who have a nine to five. I have worked with hundreds of families. I've worked with millionaires and I've worked with thousand heirs. And it does not matter how much you earn, it matters how much you keep. And so you can be a millionaire or 1000 heir. Everyone needs a budget, because if you don't know where your money is going, you're going to wonder where it went. So before you start anything, you have to take stock of where you are.

So now let's talk about red flags. So what do you think are some red flags that may tell someone, hey, you know what, maybe I'm not cut out for this business thing.

You may not be ready to fully transition to self employment or entrepreneurship if you have a lot of debt. And I say that only because you do not want to be making fear based decisions when you are self employed. And so what I found for self employed individuals who are running low on capital. And what I mean by that, most of us self fund. Like, I self funded my business. I didn't take out a loan or anything. I also have a low overhead business. It was virtual, so I ran it in my home. Now, if you have a business that has products or items that you have to buy, this is a completely different story. You may need to take out a loan, but even if you do take out a business loan, if you have consumer debt, which are credit cards or a personal loan, car debt, which is normal, car debt is not too bad. And then of course, also a mortgage payment. And so one of the red flags is you have a lot of consumer debt. And so you want to know what is my, we say in the business world, like the burn rate, right?

So if I have a mortgage or rent, that's x amount, I have to pay utilities, I have groceries. These are my essential expenses. Internet, car, health insurance, car insurance. Think about those essential expenses that you have on a monthly basis, that if you have a job or not, these expenses are still coming. And then you have to think about the debt that you have. So if you do have student loans or a personal loan or a car payment, those debts do not care if you have a job or not. They want to be paid on a monthly basis at the same time. And so that is in addition to those essentials. If you are thinking about starting a business and moving fully to being an entrepreneur, you may want to have at least four to six months. And that's not even being conservative, four to six months of those expenses. Because if you do not bring on one client, if you do not sell that one widget, at least, you know, for the next six months, you do not have to worry about or stress about money. You know, that you'll continue to have a roof over your head, you'll have food on your table, you can pay for your essential expenses and also cover your debt.

I love those two red flags, especially the second one, because I think in our current culture, and it's been like this, I think for a while, in my opinion, people are just like, yeah, my job sucks, quitted and become an entrepreneur. But there's not enough sometimes financial planning that goes into it. And while some people are lucky and they take that dive and things go well for them, some people could end up really falling flat and finding themselves in a financial ditch. All right, I would love us to get more into budgeting. Right? So budgeting, as we know, is an important tool that you can use to know how much you're making. And I've come across so many self employed side hustler, entrepreneur, and people who are making money, but they don't have any bookkeeping. And then if they actually break down the numbers, they realize they're barely just breaking even. So with that said, for people who are stressed and confused about budgeting, what are some simple tips that you have for them to get started?

Well, just like you said, Elizabeth, every dollar that you earn is taxed. So Uncle Sam wants his money. And so from a budgeting standpoint, if you're just strictly thinking about the income that you're receiving from your business to take care of yourself and your household, one, you want to make sure that you're earning enough to pay those essentials and that debt, as we talked about earlier. Next, you want to also make sure you're earning enough to save. So if you worked in the workforce and was earning a w, two, most employers offered a retirement account such as a TSP if you work for the government. And so now you have to save for yourself. And also by saving for yourself in these qualified retirement accounts, you're also helping in taxes. So for, let's say, every dollar that you save, you're reducing your overall taxable income by x percentage depending on what tax bracket that you're in. That is another way to, one, reduce your overall taxes, but also to save for your future. That's something that you do not want to stop doing as a business owner. And one thing I always say to clients, it doesn't matter if you are a business owner, if you have a side hustle or if you're still working your corporate job, is that you have to put your financial oxygen mask on first.

And what I mean by that is we want to see your business thriving. And so you may be doing a lot of things and creating a lot of expenses, but you have to take a step back and say, okay, am I still making sure that I am okay, am I making sure that I'm still paying for my essentials? The debt that I have and am I saving is so important because when a rainy day comes outside of your retirement account, you want to make sure you have an emergency fund because you want to borrow from yourself. Like pull from savings versus borrow from a financial institution.

Yeah, that's really helpful. So now I want us to get into. So those were some really good tips in terms of having an emergency fund and just saving enough if you can. So when I'm budgeting, the approach that I use is how much do I need or how much do I have within my self employed budget to pay for any bills that my nine to five doesn't pay for? And then the rest goes into my emergency fund and then my retirement accounts, which you mentioned earlier, which reduce my taxable income. So that is kind of the approach that I take to budgeting. And even to take it more practical, I use a spreadsheet to do all of that, or even the notes on my phone. So can you just give me, like, a quick framework in terms of how people can go about budgeting versus what needs to be in the budget? So what are the steps? Someone is like, okay, I need a budget. I don't know where to start. What is the framework they should use?

Well, Elizabeth, this is a really good question, and I think where people kind of trip theirself up is making it complicated. So creating a budget is super simple. One, as you mentioned, you can do it in a spreadsheet. And this is actually where we start off with clients at our firm, is we have a tool called a money rhythm that we created where at the top it's how much do you earn? How often are you paid? Weekly, biweekly, monthly, boom, that's at the top. So that's your total monthly income. And then we have them list out their fixed expenses. Fixed expenses, again, is things with regular due dates. It doesn't matter if you are earning money or not. Your mortgage or rent, utilities, cell phone, gym membership is part of the fixed expense because for me, even if I didn't have a job, I still need to go to the gym because it's a part of my mental health. So you want to list out your fixed expenses, and then you have your total nondiscretionary expenses. So discretionary means variable things that will change from month to month. It could be food, gas, personal care, vacations.

Some people, when a vacation comes, just like Yolo, you only live once. So, you know, my friend just hit me up. I'm about to go to cabo with them. Listen, we know you need to go somewhere every year. You need to fill that sand between your toes. You need to run that Baywatch run into the ocean. So just plan for it, right? And let's say that the trip costs like $5,000. So if the trip costs $5,000, let's just plan on a monthly basis. Let's make sure that you are at least saving around 400, $420 a month for this trip that we know is going to happen. So that's one of the keys, too, is not just budgeting for the right now. Also budgeting for the future as well. The things that we know that are going to come up, once you have all of that, then you have your budget, right? But that's how you can build your budget. One, in a spreadsheet or two. I use a tool called ynab. You need a budget, and I absolutely love it. This is something that I also used prior to transitioning into entrepreneurship, because I wanted to literally know where every dollar was going.

And I also wanted to make sure that my emergency fund was funded, and if I didn't earn not one dollars for four months, I would be okay.

So, as you were talking, something that came to mind is one of the roadblocks I faced when I initially started or started my journey as a self employed person. When it came to budgeting was inconsistent income. There are so many self employed people out there who don't have consistent income. So how do you budget when you don't know when your money is coming or where it's coming from?

You have to know what your expenses are and then have cash saved and set aside, because clients will come and go, your widgets will stop selling, then they'll boom, and then it'll go down. Oh, it's the holidays. I'm doing a special Black Friday, and then your product is selling, and then it goes back down. Everything is seasonal or cyclical, and so you have to prepare and budget for that. And so, again, you want to borrow from yourself versus financial institutions. So if you know that you have a type of business where it has an influx of income, one month is up, one month is down. You want to always make sure that you have an emergency fund or cash set aside to be able to supplement that income during the down months.

Yes to that. I'll be talking about this in a future episode on taxes. But emergency funds saved me, I think, two years ago when I decided not to pay my quarterly taxes and instead to do a lump sum and ended up with a penalty. So those emergency funds definitely come in nifty. So the next thing that I want to talk about, which kind of links to something we're already talking about in terms of how to budget and organizing your budget is not commingling finances. When I finally decided to start getting organized and figure out how much money was coming in and where it was going, one of the things that challenged me was I had money coming and going everywhere. And when I say that, I mean it was going through a personal account, through a savings account, through a business account. So can you explain the importance of separating your self employed income from maybe your nine to five income, especially for people doing both.

Elizabeth, one of the things that I share with self employed individuals is do not mix church and state. Do not mix your personal and your business finances. Period, point blank, end of conversation. But then again, as always, well, why? I feel like my three year old is in the background. But why, mommy? Well, this is why we highly encourage you not to mix your personal expenses and your business expenses, because in the unlikely event that you get sued and they can see that your money is going through your personal accounts. Now, your personal accounts can get attached to that suit versus if your business income was strictly in your business account, they can only attach the suit to that business account. So that is the ultimate why? Secondary to that is bookkeeping. Numbers don't lie. And if you don't know your books, you don't know where your money is going, you're going to wonder where it went. And so your bookkeeper, I think, is the first person you should hire. Once you have like a surplus of funds, hire a bookkeeper. It will make tax time so much more easy. Right. Because you're going to have to produce financial documents in the event that you get audited, which there is a high audit rate right now, especially for self employed individuals.

If you get audited, you're going to have to reproduce where your income has come from, your expenses, and you do not want to have to be sifting through your personal checking account, your personal savings account, and then also your business. So first and foremost, just open up a business account, even if it's not a business account, because some financial institutions require you to have either some sort of LLC operating document, et cetera. If you're not there just yet, just open up another checking account separately, period. Have any automatic payments that are coming in from your company to that particular checking, please, please do not commingle your funds. Additionally, do not pay your personal expenses from your business account. Just transfer the money.

Absolutely. Thank you so much. Riyanka. I don't know if you have one tip before you go that you want to give the listeners for people who are self employed and what you think could help them if they're looking to dive into self employment this year.

If you are looking to dive into self employment, make sure you also budget for a therapist. It is a lonely road. So many financial traumas that you have suppressed are going to come out and you don't want to be tackling that head on while you're trying to propel your business oh, that's awesome.

Thank you so much for coming, Riyanka, for telling us about how to budget as a self employed person and also for sharing your story with us.

Thank you so much, Elizabeth, for having me, and good luck and well wishes for the new year.

Elizabeth. I so love how Riyanka talks about the connection between the nuts and bolts tips for being self employed, like having a budget and an emergency fund, and how they're really inseparable from some of the more internal stuff, like knowing your why and not making decisions from a place of fear. Because being self employed is hard work, as you know. Well, if you don't have that internal motivation to get the work done and to do it the right way, your career and your finances can really.

No, absolutely, Sean. Definitely, definitely have been in that boat before. And if I'm being completely honest, I am not a meticulous or detailed budgeter. I just like to work with lump sums and kind of guesstimate, which is sometimes not the best, but sometimes works for me. So that said, I love how Riyanka broke down the different aspects of your budget as a self employed person. And I also like the reminder about separating your business and your personal finances. I do have separate accounts, but sometimes I commingle, so it's a reminder to get more organized.

Yeah, we can always use that reminder. Well, Elizabeth, tell us what's coming up. In episode two of the series, we're.

Going to be getting into everybody's most dreaded topic. Yes, I did generalize there, but we're going to be talking about Uncle Sam and his tax bill. I'm excited about this one because while taxes can be a pain, understanding tax rules and ways to cut your tax bills can be a fun sport. We're going to be chatting with a tax pro who's going to provide insider tips. Listeners are also going to get to hear about my wonky tax math and the expensive mistakes I have made. As a result, we need quarterly payments.

Just of you estimating how much you.

Think you'll be paying in taxes. And then at the end of the.

Year, when you actually file your taxes, they'll make adjustments based on whatever credits and deductions you're eligible for, what you've already paid, and then you'll see what you net for.

Now, that's all we have for this episode. Do you have a money question of your own? Turn to the nerds and call or text us with your questions at 901-730-6373 that's 901730 nerd. You can also email us at podcast@nerdwallet.com last but not least, visit nerdwallet.com podcast for more information on the episode, and remember to follow rate and review us wherever you're getting this podcast.

This episode was produced by Tess Viglin. I helped with editing. Courtney and Idel helped with fact checking. Sarah Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to Nerdvallis editors for all their help.

And here's our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes, and it may not apply to your specific circumstances.

And with that said, until next time, turn to the nerds.