I'm Nyesha Rosco, and this is a Sunday story. Heads up, today's episode contains discussion of suicide, sexual, and physical abuse. Today, we have a story that's hard to hear. It's about crimes perpetrated on children. But it's also a reminder of the power of investigative journalism to bring voice to those who felt silenced. This past May, a jury in New Hampshire awarded 42-year-old David Mian a record-breaking settlement of $38 million. It was the largest personal injury verdict in state history. Mian had sued over abuse. He said he'd suffered as a child while confined to New Hampshire's main juvenile detention facility. It's known as YDC, the Youth Development Center. Mian was the first alleged victim to come forward. But since 2020, nearly 1,300 other people have also filed suit over alleged abuse at YDC. Some claimed they were brutally beaten, others alleged they were repeatedly raped. New Hampshire Public Radio's Jason Moon and his colleagues on the document team spent the last year investigating the Youth Development Center. They combed through hundreds of cases, worked around legal roadblocks, and spoke with former residents and staff who never before told their stories. After the break, the Youth Development Center.

Stay with us. Jason, welcome to the Sunday Story. Thank you so much for being with us.

Thank you so much for having me.

Your new podcast, the Youth Development Center, it's really an incredible example of investigative reporting. I mean, these stories are just tragic, heartbreaking, and they show really just a massive failure by those responsible for caring for these kids. Let's start at the beginning. How and why did you decide to undertake this investigation?

Yeah, so this is a story that's been slowly unfolding in New Hampshire over the last several years. It first came on to my radar in 2020 when the first A lawsuit was filed over alleged abuse at the Youth Development Center or YDC. Back then, it was around two dozen plaintiffs, which was a pretty big story already in New Hampshire. But then the number just kept growing and growing and growing. It was a few hundred, and then it was over 500. Today, there's somewhere in the neighborhood of 1,300 alleged victims who've come forward who are alleging physical, sexual, and psychological abuse as far back as the 1960s and as recently as a few years ago. Basically, the size of this scandal had just become too large to not look into. We went into it with this really basic question of how could this have happened at this scale and for this long?

That really is the question, right? What can you tell us about the Youth Development Center and and the role that it served, and how long has it been around?

Yeah, it's an interesting story. Basically, Youth Development Center, YDC, it is the juvenile jail for the state of New Hampshire. Today, the official name is the Sunnu Youth Services Center, named after a former governor. But a lot of people still call it YDC. It goes way, way back. It goes back to the 1850s. At the time, the idea of having a separate correctional facility for youth was this new radically progressive concept. We were going to stop putting kids in adult jail and put them in a place that was instead going to be not punitive, but supportive and rehabilitative and educational. It's still basically the same mission today. Unfortunately, in the case of YDC, it's not exactly turned out to have been what happened there.

Who ends up there? Why are kids sent to YDC?

Kids get sent for really all kinds of reasons. Sometimes it was for serious violent acts, up to and including murder in some cases. But most of the time it was for a lot less. In many cases, we're talking about kids who were serial runaways from abusive or unstable homes. One person who's now suing over alleged abuse at YDC says they were sent there in the 1960s for stealing silly puddy from a toy store.

Oh, my goodness. I want to go back to what you said before. There are almost 1,300 cases being brought against the state. That number is shocking, and it's very hard to get your head around it. How did you get access to all of this information?

Right. So they filed lawsuits, and those lawsuits were all public documents. There's just so many of them. You have 1,300 different narratives about how a kid ended up at YDC, what happened to them while they were there. When we first started to report on this, pretty early on, we decided we should just get all these lawsuits and read them. And so we did. It took probably about two and a half months. It was like piecing together this mosaic of stories from across over six decades. All these patterns would emerge. You'd read one lawsuit that, say, would accuse a particular staff staffer in the 1970s of a specific abuse. Then I'd read another lawsuit accusing that same staffer of the very exact same abuse, but it's 20 years later. We started to realize that these lawsuits were not just a way to read the allegations and get familiar with what people were saying happened, but it was also this incredible data set that was illuminating these types of patterns.

What are the roadblocks that you came across for this story?

Juvenile facilities, juvenile justice in general, is hard to report on. That's mostly because of juvenile privacy laws that make most of what happens in the juvenile justice system confidential. Those laws are well intentioned. You don't want something that a kid did when he was 12 years old that got him in a delinquency proceeding to get on the internet and follow him around for the rest of his life. But on the other hand, the secrecy of the system, it sets up a situation where the public has virtually no ability to scrutinize what's happening inside a state run, publicly funded facility. Trying to corroborate those stories is incredibly difficult. I can't file a public records request from YDC. I can't just show up. You're not allowed on the property. I can't just write a letter to a kid inside. I can't even learn the names of the kids who are currently inside of YDC. One of the key things for us in this reporting was a former YDC resident who we were talking to named Andy Perkins. He requested his own file from the facility and then shared it with us. That was crucial because it allowed us to get our hands on our first tranche of internal documents that hadn't been seen by anyone else in the public up to that point.

So Andy really was then your window into YDC. Can you tell us more about Andy?

Yeah. Andy was a kid who got sent to YDC in the early '90s. He basically broke into a house with a friend. It was like a house where kids in his neighborhood would go and party, basically. But he breaks into this house. That gets him put into the juvenile justice system. Eventually, he ends up at YDC. When he gets there, he's 15 years and he is terrified. He's like, Wow, this is real jail. I'm closed off from the world. He's like, I want to spend as little time here as possible. So he says he goes on his best behavior, and he's volunteered fearing to do things and mopping the floor, and yes, sir, no, sir. And what he's trying to do is earn a weekend pass home, which is something that would happen at YDC. So he's well behaved. He earns this weekend pass home. But just before he is allowed to go home, the staff tell him he has to go see this YDC administrator whose name is Lucian Paulette. Andy actually found it easier to write down what happened next in a letter, and I had him read it for me in a studio at NHPR.

I was told I had to speak to Lucian before I went home. I took a seating front of Lucian's desk. Lucian asked why he should let me go home for the weekend. I I was confused. I had never spoken to Lucian and thought I had done everything in the quiet. I replied, I've done everything I was told I needed to do, plus volunteering for extra jobs. Lucian laughed and said, You haven't done everything. I asked what I had done wrong. Lucian laughed again and then replied, It's not about you did wrong. It's about what have you done for me? I was very confused. I barely ever spoken to this guy. What the hell does he mean? I thought. I told him I didn't understand. He asked how badly I wanted to go home. I told him it's all I can think about. I told him how much I miss all my friends and family. I told him I did what I was told was needed, but if I miss something, I would make up for it. Lucian giggled and said, Good. I'll never forget. How he said the word good.

It was evil.

Lucian then said, Let's get started. He pushed his wheeled-desk chair from behind the desk so I could see all of him. You could see an erection through his pants. He slapped his inner thighs and said, I need help with this. I couldn't look at him after this and didn't know what to do. I felt sick. He telling me to look at it. Look at me. Look at it. It's okay. Don't be shy. He kept talking. Five minutes from now, you could be going home. Let's look at it. He began to unzip his pants. I stood up and walked to the door. It was locked. Started to panic. I was scared. When I finally could speak, I said, It's okay. I'll just stay at the cottage. I don't want to go home anymore. He told me to sit down. I beg him to just let me leave. He got angry, zipped his pants up and yelled, Fine. I knew you didn't want to go home, he said.

Andy says, before Lucian kicked him out of his office that day, he warned him, You know they won't believe you if you say anything.

Yeah, that seems in cases like this, unfortunately, it seems like, especially because the kids have already gotten in trouble, that a lot of people don't believe them or they don't have the space to speak up.

Yeah. I think you put your finger right on it. These kids were an incredibly vulnerable population because they were already looked upon as these, quote unquote bad kids. They're there because they lie, right? Andy says that's all Lucian had to call upon to assert that power dynamic. It's not just that Andy's a kid and Lucian's an adult, it's that Andy's an incarcerated kid and Lucian's a supervisor at YDC. I should say here that Lucian Paulette, he declined comment through an attorney. He's also facing criminal charges for other alleged sexual assault at YDC. He has pled not guilty. He's still awaiting trial. But that power dynamic, it was possibly the most important ingredient that led to this decades long culture of abuse at YDC. Even situations where there was, say, solid proof of abuse. Even then, it wasn't enough. A separate incident where Andy describes two staffers assaulting him in his cell, with one of them choking him on his bed to the point where Andy loses consciousness. Afterwards, he tries to report this abuse. He even fills out an ombudsman form and says that he even managed to get access to a phone and dial 911 from inside this juvenile jail.

Because we got Andy's internal records from YDC, I was actually able to corroborate this specific attack and Andy's complaint about it. What you see in the records is that an administrator reviews Andy's complaint. He even writes in his report that Andy has finger marks on his neck, but then nothing, nothing happens. No one is criminally charged, no one is fired. You hear from a lot of people who went through YDC that speaking up earned you retaliation. And not just for kids. This was for staff, by the way, who tried to speak up about things. There's a former staff who was there in the 1990s who said that she tried to speak up about mistreatment in the girls' cottage. And this staffer says that other staff told her, You're digging your own grave. You shouldn't be doing this. And she says that one day she left work, got in her truck to drive home, and then the wheels of her truck fell off because someone had loosened the lug nuts. And this is something that we were actually able to corroborate this with an internal YDC memo. So that just gives you an image of the fear that you could live under just for trying to speak up.

I mean, it almost sounds like organized crime. I mean, it's so systemic. There has to be a culture here, right?

Yeah. If you step back and you just look at the number, the sheer number of different staffers accused of abuse, it is staggering. There are at least, as very conservative, there are at least 300 different staffers accused of abuse going back to the 1960s. The background radiation of the place allowed and even encouraged the sexual abuse, the hundreds and hundreds of rapes that are alleged. It created a perfect environment for that behavior to go unpunished.

When we come back, the story of one staff member of the Youth Development Center and what she says happened when she tried to speak up for the kids.

Because if you start letting a dog bite you and think, Oh, it's okay, the dog bites. It's going to escalate. Of course it is.

This is a Sunday story. I'm talking with New Hampshire Public Radio's Jason Moon. Moon and his colleagues on the station's document team spent more than a year investigating the state's main juvenile detention facility, the Youth Development Center. Jason spoke to former detainees who told disturbing stories of sexual and physical abuse. He also spoke a former staffer who tried to do something about it. Tell me about Karen Lemoyne and how you tracked her down.

Yeah, Karen, she worked at YDC in the late '80s and early '90s and she had this harrowing, absolutely harrowing experience there that for decades she thought she was not allowed to talk about because of those juvenile privacy laws that I was mentioning earlier. She emerged because she saw on the news that all these people were coming forward with their allegations of abuse. At that point, the state police had set up a hotline for folks with information to come forward, and so she called it. Then she started to talk to lawyers who are representing many of these alleged victims. Then eventually, through those lawyers, she agreed to meet with me. But she was very hesitant at first.

Do you have any idea what that's like for me to have to tell you this shit? I don't want you to hear this. You shouldn't have to hear this, any of it.

There's also a lot of power in telling it.

Is there? Is this going to be the same thing as on here? I thought I was helping them all the time I was working there. All I was doing was fueling those guys to hurt them worse.

Well, I'm glad that Karen was able to tell her story, and you can just hear in her voice the pain and the guilt that she seems to feel about her role at the YDC. Yeah.

I was really happy to be able to bear witness to that story and have her, in a sense, get some of it off her chest. Karen told me her story, and it starts in 1989. She was a young single mom. She gets this job at YDC, and at that point, she believes in the mission. She wants to teach and nurture these kids. So when she starts there, she's working a night shift, and basically her job was to do bed checks on the kids. Every 15 minutes, they're asleep, but she has to go around to their cells and look in on them, make sure they are okay. This is when she starts to notice some of the first red flags. One of the things she notices is the way that kids will react whenever she needs to enter their rooms for one reason or another.

They They didn't even have a response. They didn't even say, Get out, or, I hate you, or, I don't want to be here. There was no response. They were just frozen or crying uncontrollable, but no words.

This was just the beginning of a series of things It seemed off to Karen. She began to see bruises that seemed suspicious. She saw staff humiliating kids, including a kid who was very suicidal. Karen says there group of staff who would just mercilessly bully this kid for having attempted suicide. Karen says she tried to complain to supervisors about it, but would just get brushed off.

I could see that nobody was listening to me, even at the point where somebody would die. At that point, I was scared. I realized I was working in the wrong place.

But she keeps speaking up. She gets this reputation as a troublemaker amongst some of the other staff, and eventually it makes her a target. What happens is one night, Karen, she's actually making cookies with the kids in the common area of one of these cottages that she's monitoring. She's with these two kids at a table, and they're mixing cookie dough. These kids, they try to warn her. At first, Karen thinks they're just messing with her. But then one boy tells her something terrible is about to happen.

He leans over the table and he put his hand over my hand, which I thought was so odd, but in a nice way. He looked at me right in the eye. He said, Karen, they're going to rape you.

I mean, that's terrifying. I mean, who was going to rape her?

According to Karen and according to one of these kids who warned her, who I also spoke with, other staffers at YDC had been trying to bribe kids in this cottage to attack Karen. After she is warned of this plot by two kids, she goes to management. She complains about it. Ultimately, there is a disciplinary hearing, but it results in no real punishment. Then eventually, sometime later, Karen is attacked, and she is pretty seriously injured and ends up leaving YDC not long after it. Karen's story, like I said, it's corroborated by one of those former YDC residents who tried to warn her. That person is now one of those people suing the state for abuse at YDC. He is suing anonymously, as many of the plaintiffs are. He's known as John Doe 441 in the court documents. He told me after he warned Karen He suffered extreme retaliation from other staff.

The beatings almost started the next day. This is where it gets hard. They subdued me with a pressure point behind the ear and put my hand in a door and slam the door. They let go at the last minute. I got most of my hand out except for this one. They took me over to the infirmary, and I was forced to tell them I slam my own hand in the door.

Did you speak to other staffers? Did you get any other points of view on what it was like to work there?

Yeah, we did speak with the long-time superintendent of YDC, a guy named Ron Adams. He described like an alternate reality, almost. He totally disputed the idea that there was a toxic culture at YDC. He said he never would have condoned abuse. He told me that the handful of times where he had concerns about abusive treatment of kids, he took action. When you ask him, Well, how can there be all these hundreds of allegations of abuse that happened while you in charge? He was largely in disbelief, I guess you could say, or perhaps denial. It's hard for me to say.

I think that's what's so hard about this story because the kids are so powerless. But finally, somebody did do something. Someone finally spoke up. What happened?

Right. Yeah, someone spoke up and people believed them, I think, is really the thing that started to happen recently that didn't happen before. This huge flood of abuse allegations that we've been talking about, these roughly 1,300 victims, This all started with one guy named David Mian.

This is David, the one who just won that $38 million verdict against the state of New Hampshire.

Yeah, that's right. He says that he was raped and beaten hundreds of times at YDC by a handful of different staffers. He left YDC in the '90s. He decides that he's finally going to talk about it. He's finally going to tell his wife about the abuse for the first time.

I meet her at Applebee's in Epping, and it just comes out.

See her standing there.

So we hug, and I start crying.

And I can't get out anything other than They raped me.

We hear about so many instances, whether it's the Native American children in residential schools or celebrities like Paris Hilton's alleged abuse at a boarding school and abuse within the the troubled teen industry. We always hear about these stories way after the fact. How does this keep happening? Why do they stay on the raps for so long?

Yeah, it is what is so sad about this story is that we've all heard some version of it already. Like you were saying, the church, the schools, even Olympic gymnastics. One of the common threads in all of these institutional abuse stories is the power imbalance. At a place like YDC, that imbalance is just they're off the charts. These are not just kids, they're bad kids. David Mian actually talked about this during the civil trial with his lawsuit. He was cross-examined by the state. Attorneys representing the state who were trying to undercut his case. They spent a lot of time reminding the jury of all the bad things that David Mian did as a kid in order to get sent to YDC in the first place. Eventually, David lashed out at this idea during the trial.

It's safe to say that you got it. Because what?

I'm the bad guy? I was a bad kid, so I deserved it, or I was a bad kid, so that proves I'm a bad man now when I made it up? That hurts.

What about the staff? What is happening to them? Are they being held responsible?

Well, so far, there are nine former staffers currently facing criminal charges for sexual assault. It was 11. One was found to be not competent to stand trial. He's a man in his 80s. Recently, another one passed away, who was a criminal defendant. That speaks to the difficulty in bringing justice through the means of criminal prosecutions because the abuse allegations stretch back so far. A lot of these people are dead now. It's been very upsetting for a lot of the alleged victims who say, Well, what about my abuser? Why haven't they been arrested? When are they going to be put on trial? Keep in mind, a lot of these people are people who've been through the criminal justice system themselves. So they see this double standard of, Well, when I did something, the handcuffs were put on me. They've been frustrated at what they see as a very slow pace of the criminal investigation up to this point. But then we're going to have to see, will these prosecutions stick? Will they be successful?

These alleged abusers were employees of the state. Is Is the state at fault? How does that work? How will the state hold people accountable?

Yeah, it's a really interesting and weird and contradictory role the state has in all this because the state is conducting this criminal investigation into YDC, but it's also being sued by the alleged victims. And so on the criminal side, they're playing offense and saying this abuse happened and these people should go to jail. On the civil side, where they're on defense, they're saying, well, it wasn't our fault. It was just these rogue employees who were doing bad things, and We weren't aware of that.

There's only been one settlement so far. Will all these other alleged victims also get their day in court?

The hope is that no, not all of them will actually have to go through a trial. The state has been trying to get YDC victims to settle out of court. The legislature created this giant settlement fund. The idea is that rather than sue us, you can apply for a settlement through this fund and receive a payout much faster. But one of the darkly fascinating things about this settlement fund is how they've had to establish a formula to decide how much each claimant will receive, and each type of abuse is worth a different dollar amount. Just, for instance, anal or genital rape is worth $200,000, oral rape is $150,000, physical abuse resulting You add permanent or life-threatening injury, $50,000. Then you apply this frequency multiplier based on how many times that category of abuse happened. Then you add these aggravating factors. Did the rape result in a pregnancy? If so, you add $200,000. Or did the rape result in an STI? If so, you add $100,000. It is very sobering type of math. But even just understanding this formula gives you a good sense of the types of abuse that people suffered at YDC and just how much harm that needs to be still accounted for.

After hearing all of this, I have to ask you, how were you able to take in all of these stories about abuse? You're a human being, so having to hear all of this trauma, that's also traumatic.

Yeah. It was hard at times. This is not easy stuff to be immersed in. You cannot pretend that spending all day reading this incredibly graphic and horrifying child abuse or doing interviews where people are sharing their trauma. You can't pretend that's just a normal day at work. It's not. But it came to really actually motivate me as part of why we needed to get this story out there. As a society, we have a hard time talking about child sexual abuse, and I think it is easier in many cases for us to just wish the the problem away or just imagine that it happens less than it does or to think that we could spot people who would want to perpetrate this harm on a kid. One hope I have for getting this story out and for people listening to it is anytime you hear about a juvenile jail or really any type of youth facility, this type of abuse should come into your mind as a possible risk. I think if policymakers Have that in mind and maybe second guess, do we need this type of facility given the risks for this type of abuse that come along with these types of facilities?

If we can plant that idea for listeners, I think that'll have been worth it.

Jason, thank you so much for joining us and just sharing this reporting. It's so important. Thank you so much.

Thanks for having me.

That was Jason Moon on the Youth Development Center podcast from New Hampshire Public Radio. To listen to the full series, visit Ydcpodcast. Org. This episode was produced by Hazel Feldstein and edited by Jenny Schmidt and Liana Simstrom. It was engineered by Maggie Luthar and James Willets. The rest of the Sunday Story team includes Justine Yann and Andrew Mambo. Irene Noguchi is our executive producer. I'm Ayesha We'll be back tomorrow with all the news you need to start your week. Have a great rest of your weekend.

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